Lab-to-Lab: US-Russian Lab-to-Lab Collaboration Story [Archived]
Volume 1
US-Russian Lab-to-Lab Nuclear Cooperation Timeline
xiii
Foreword
Charles B. Curtis
xix
Preface
Siegfried S. Hecker, Editor
xxi
A Guide to the Reader
Siegfried S. Hecker
xxv
Overview
29
Doomed to Cooperate: How American and Russian Scientists Joined Forces to Avert Some of the Greatest Post-Cold War Nuclear Dangers
Siegfried S. Hecker
31
A Conversation with Lev Dmitrievich Ryabev
Siegfried S. Hecker
53
A Conversation with Academician Nikolai Nikolaevich Ponomarev-Stepnoy
Siegfried S. Hecker and Alla Kassianova
65
From Collaboration to Partnership
Rady I. Ilkaev
71
SECTION I • Laying the Foundation for Cooperation, 75
Introduction
Siegfried S. Hecker
77
CHAPTER 1 • THE JOINT VERIFICATION EXPERIMENT
83
The Joint Verification Experiment and the Nuclear Testing Talks
Ambassador C. Paul Robinson
85
Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Nuclear Weapons Institutes of the USSR and USA for the Joint Verification Experiment
Nikolai P. Voloshin
99
On the First Soviet-American Joint Verification Experiment
Ryurik F. Trunin
109
CHAPTER 2 • LAB DIRECTORS EXCHANGE VISITS
119
On Meeting with the Directors of LANL and LLNL in 1992
Rady I. Ilkaev
121
A Conversation with Siegfried S. Hecker
125
Remembrances of the Visit of United States National Laboratory Delegation to Russia in February 1992
George H. Miller
135
Reflections on the 1992 Laboratory Directors’ Exchange Visit to Los Alamos
Dennis J. Erickson
139
My Recollections of the Beginning of the Lab-to-Lab Programs
William H. Dunlop
145
Side by Side as Equals: Forging Scientific Collaborations between VNIIEF and Los Alamos
Stephen M. Younger
151
Sandia National Laboratories and the Cooperative Measures Program with Russia
John Taylor
157
SECTION II • Nuclear Weapons, 165
Introduction
Siegfried S. Hecker
167
CHAPTER 3 • WSSX: WARHEAD SAFETY AND SECURITY EXCHANGE
173
Nuclear Warhead Safety and Security: An Overview
Paul C. White and K. David Nokes
175
Collaboration under WSSX: A VNIIA Perspective
German A. Smirnov and Andrey S. Sviridov
223
Some Personal Observations
German A. Smirnov
233
TOBOS—A Nuclear Warhead Container Security System
Greg Man, Andrey Sviridov, and Konstantin Zimovets
237
WSSX Cooperation at RFNC-VNIITF
Rodion I. Voznyuk
247
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and WSSX
Jefferey H. Richardson
257
Russian-American Workshop on the Safety of Nuclear Weapons Dismantlement
John Ruminer
263
On International Cooperation in Nuclear Weapons Safety
Vladimir A. Afanasiev
269
Roundtable Reflections on the WSSX Agreement
283
SECTION III • Nuclear Materials, 289
Introduction
Siegfried S. Hecker
291
CHAPTER 4 • MATERIALS PROTECTION CONTROL AND ACCOUNTING (MPC&A) ROSATOM
297
Challenges for MPC&A for the Russian Nuclear Complex
Siegfried S. Hecker
299
Origins of the Lab-to-Lab MPC&A Program
Mark F. Mullen
303
Roundtable Discussion with Selected US Participants in the MPC&A Collaboration with Russia
319
Q&A Roundtable: A Russian Perspective on MPC&A Collaboration
Vladimir I. Yuferev and Georgy M. Skripka
335
Activities in VNIIEF on Nuclear Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting
Vladimir I. Yuferev, Vladimir D. Viktorov, Stanislav S. Zhikharev, and Georgy M. Skripka
339
Russian-American Collaboration on Upgrading the RFNC-VNIITF Facilities and Nuclear Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting
Yuri I. Churikov
347
International Collaboration in the Field of Accounting, Control, and Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials and Facilities
Leonid A. Kochankov and Alexander S. Lavrentiev
359
Material Control & Accountability
Andrey S. Sviridov
363
Russian–American MPC&A Cooperation at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering
Gennady M. Pshakin
369
An Interview with Academician N. N. Ponomarev-Stepnoy. Reflecting on Russian-US Cooperation in the Field of Nuclear Materials Security and Safeguards
Siegfried S. Hecker and Alla Kassianova
377
Russian-American Cooperation on Building the Russian Fissile Material Storage Facility at the Production Association Mayak
Vladimir I. Yuferev and F. Jeffrey Martin
387
Concluding Remarks on Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting Cooperation
Siegfried S. Hecker
397
CHAPTER 5 • RUSSIAN MILITARY MPC&A COOPERATION
403
Nuclear Security Cooperation between the Russian Military and the US Department of Energy and Its National Laboratories
Siegfried S. Hecker, Alla A. Kassianova, and Niko I. Milonopoulos
405
From Lab-to-Lab to the Russian Navy
Mark F. Mullen
411
A Conversation with Academician Nikolai N. Ponamarev-Stepnoy on Russian Navy Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting
Siegfried S. Hecker and Alla A. Kassianova
417
Roundtable: American Participants in the Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting (MPC&A) Collaboration with the Russian Military
421
Roundtable Discussion of Cooperation on Materials Protection, Control, and Accounting with the Russian Ministry of Defense
435
CHAPTER 6 • TRILATERAL COOPERATION TO SECURE NUCLEAR MATERIALS AT THE FORMER SOVIET NUCLEAR TEST SITE AT SEMIPALATINSK
443
Trilateral Cooperation to Secure Nuclear Materials at the Former Soviet Nuclear Test Site at Semipalatinsk: Introduction
Siegfried S. Hecker
445
The Semipalatinsk Project: A Trilateral Cooperation to Secure Fissile Materials at the Former Soviet Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site
Siegfried S. Hecker
451
The Semipalatinsk Project: A Los Alamos Scientist’s Perspective
Philip H. Hemberger
473
Liquidation of the Consequences of Nuclear Tests at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) in Trilateral Collaboration (Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, United States
Viktor S. Stepanyuk
481
Cooperation in Demilitarization of the Former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site
Alexander N. Scherbina
507
Kazakhstan Semipalatinsk Test Site: A Turning Point
Kairat K. Kadyrzhanov
511
Biographical Information for US and Russian Contributors
515
Glossary of Important Acronyms, Terms, and Organizations
529
Volume 2
The Human Element
13
The Human Dimension: The Interpersonal Nature of Lab-to-Lab Cooperation
Alla A. Kassianova and Siegfried S. Hecker
15
Los Alamos and Sarov: Sister Cities
Paul C. White
23
Reflections
Evgeny N. Avrorin, Siegfried S. Hecker, and Rady I. Ilkaev
28
SECTION IV • Nuclear Experts, 35
Introduction
37
CHAPTER 7 • BRAIN DRAIN AND DEFENSE CONVERSION
47
International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) Roundtable
Siegfried S. Hecker
49
Role of the ISTC in International Collaboration
Evgeny N. Avrorin
61
The Story of Wonderful Contacts
Vladimir G. Rogachev
67
Conversion of Defense Industries: The VNIITF Experience
Boris K. Vodolaga
77
Spektr-Conversion
Boris K. Vodolaga and Anatoly S. Ivanov
85
Conversion of Nuclear Weapons Production at the -Avangard Electromechanical Plant
Yuri K. Zavalishin
93
Nuclear Cities Initiative in Sarov
Alexey V. Golubev
99
Industrial Partnership Program/Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention
Hugh Casey, Molly Cernicek, and Thomas O. Hunter
109
Los Alamos Efforts toward an Integrated Strategy for the Nuclear Cities
James W. Toevs and Siegfried S. Hecker
129
The Avangard Kidney Dialysis Project
Ann C. Heywood and James E. Trebes
145
Defense Conversion: Russian and US Experience
Siegfried S. Hecker and James W. Toevs
153
Defense Conversion and Business Development in Sarov
Vladimir I. Zhigalov and Dmitry Yu. Faikov
163
Summary: Brain Drain and Defense Conversion
Siegfried S. Hecker and James W. Toevs
171
SECTION V • Science, 175
Introduction
Siegfried S. Hecker
177
CHAPTER 8 • FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE COLLABORATIONS
189
My “Discovery” of America—and Its Consequences
Evgeny E. Meshkov
191
LANL-VNIIEF Collaboration in Pulsed-Power-Based High-Energy-Density Physics—An American Perspective
Irvin R. Lindemuth and Robert (Bob) E. Reinovsky
199
LANL/VNIIEF Collaboration in Pulsed-Power-Based High-Energy-Density Physics—A Russian Perspective
Sergey F. Garanin
215
Cooperation in Plutonium Science
Siegfried S. Hecker
235
On the Origin of the Plutonium Science Workshops
Lidia F. Timofeeva
243
Russian-US Cooperation on Plutonium Science Workshops
Boris A. Nadykto
247
Ab Initio and Molecular Dynamics Modeling- of Plutonium
Dean L. Preston, Steven M. Valone, Marvin A. Zocher, and Vladimir V. Dremov
261
Dynamic Behavior of Materials
Frank J. Cherne, George T. Gray III, Ann M. Kaul, Dean L. Preston, Marvin A. Zocher, Anatoly L. Mikhaylov, Victor A. Raevsky, Stanislav A. Novikov, Mikhail V. Zhernokletov, Olga N. Ignatova, Evgeny A. Kozlov, Aleksander V. Petrovtsev, Vyacheslav M. Elkin, Anatoly M. Bragov, and Andrey K. Lomunov
271
US-Russian Lab-to-Lab Computing and Simulation Science Collaboration
Dale E. Nielsen, Jr.
283
History of Cooperation between the VNIIEF Mathematical Department-and the US National Laboratories
Rashit M. Shagaliev, Boris L. Voronin, Andrey N. Grebennikov, and Alexei V. Alekseev
297
Scientific Collaboration between VNIITF and the -US Nuclear Weapons Laboratories
Georgy N. Rykovanov, Alexander V. Petrovtsev, Mikhail Yu. Kozmanov,-Vladimir V. Dremov, Evgeny A. Kozlov, Peter A. Loboda, Alexei V. Mirmelshtein, and Vadim A. Simonenko
303
Institute of Nuclear and Radiation Physics and Russian-American Collaboration
Sergey N. Abramovich, Nikolay V. Zavyalov, Sergey P. Melnikov, Sergey F. Razinkov, Valery T. Punin, and Georgy M. Skripka
317
Cooperation in Actinide Chemistry
David L. Clark
323
Conferences and International Cooperation at VNIITF
Vadim A. Simonenko
329
Building Cooperation: Reflections on the Role of Scientific Conferences-and Meetings in Lab-to-Lab Exchanges
Robert E. Reinovsky
343
SECTION VI • Stockpile Stewardship and Looking to the Future, 353
Introduction
Siegfried S. Hecker
355
CHAPTER 9 • STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP
359
The United States Stockpile Stewardship Program—A Personal Perspective
Victor H. Reis
361
Nuclear Weapons of Russia: Their Value and Development Concept
Rady I. Ilkaev
369
Russia’s Path to Stockpile Stewardship
Siegfried S. Hecker
379
Reflections on Stockpile Stewardship, Its Evolution, and Today’s Challenges
Siegfried S. Hecker
397
Epilogue
Siegfried S. Hecker
413
Biographical Information for US and Russian Contributors
417
Glossary of Important Acronyms, Terms, and Organizations
431
Map of US Nuclear Sites
438
